Embedded Software

Embedded software is specialized computer programming designed to control and operate a specific piece of hardware within a larger system, often referred to as an "embedded system”.

Unlike the software on a regular computer or smartphone, which can run various applications, embedded software is tailored for a dedicated function to control a specific device or machine and is integrated with its hardware. These systems are found everywhere from consumer electronics and industrial machinery to airplanes, medical devices and modern vehicles.

Embedded software is the backbone of modern automotive functionality. It dictates how critical systems behave. The precision and reliability of this software are vital, as any malfunction could lead to dangerous situations.

For instance, if the embedded software controlling the ABS system fails, it could compromise the vehicle's ability to stop safely. Given the direct impact on human safety, the development of automotive embedded software is subject to stringent regulations and standards, such as ISO 26262.

The key distinction of embedded software lies in its purpose and environment; embedded software is tightly integrated with specific hardware to perform a dedicated function. It often operates with limited resources, such as memory and processing power, and must react to real-time events. This means it needs to be highly efficient, reliable, and predictable.

Furthermore, embedded software often needs to be robust against unexpected inputs making its development and validation particularly challenging compared to typical desktop or mobile applications.

ISO 26262 plays a very important role by ensuring the functional safety of automotive embedded software by defining a structured development process, requiring risk assessment, ASIL classification, rigorous testing, and traceability throughout the software lifecycle. It helps prevent and mitigate failures in safety-critical systems.